Dukungan Psikososial Dalam Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pasien Tuberkulosis Obat di Bengkulu
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Dukungan Psikososial berperan penting dalam kepatuhan pengobatan Pasien Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat (TB-RO) yang panjang dan kompleks. Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dukungan psikososial oleh patient support (PS), manajer kasus (MK), sub recipient (SR), dan Penyintas dalam mendukung kepatuhan pasien TB-RO. Metode: Studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanatori dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 informan yang tediri 2 PS, 1 MK, 1 SR, 2 Pasien TB-RO, dan 1 Penyintas. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih informan yang memiliki keterlibatan langsung dalam pendampingan pengobatan pasien TB RO. Hasil Penelitian: PS memainkan peran penting dalam memberikan motivasi, edukasi, dan pendampingan emosional secara langsung kepada pasien. Dukungan ini membantu pasien menghadapi tantangan psikologis, seperti kecemasan, stigma sosial, dan efek samping obat, yang sering menjadi penghambat dalam menyelesaikan pengobatan. MK sebagai penghubung layanan dan pengelola kasus mempunyai peran dalam pelacakan pasien, rujukan medis, serta kolaborasi dengan layanan kesehatan jiwa dalam kasus gangguan psikologis yang berat. Peran SR mendukung penguatan logistik dan layanan komunitas serta pemantuan pelaksanaan program. Sementara Penyintas berkontribusi memberikan motivasi dan membangun harapan kesembuhan melalui sharing pengalaman. Kolaborasi antara PS, tenaga medis, dan komunitas meningkatkan efektivitas dukungan, termasuk dalam mengatasi hambatan ekonomi melalui pemberian bantuan transportasi dan nutrisi. Edukasi tentang efek samping obat dan pentingnya menyelesaikan pengobatan membantu mengurangi stigma dan meningkatkan pemahaman pasien. Kesimpulan: Dukungan Psikososia yang holistik dari PS, MK, SR dan penyintas dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan TB-RO, sekaligus mengurangi risiko komplikasi lebih lanjut. Strategi berbasis komunitas yang terintegrasi dalam sistem kesehatan diperlukan untuk keberhasilan program TB RO ke depannya.
Kata Kunci: dukungan psikososial, kepatuhan pengobatan, patient support, stigma,TB-RO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37638/jsk.32.1.177-188
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