Dukungan Perawat untuk Gejala Pasien Kanker dan Beban Pengasuh: Sebuah Scoping Review
Abstract
Pasien kanker umumnya mengalami gejala multidimensi termasuk nyeri, kelelahan, mual, dispnea, kecemasan, dan depresi. Pada saat yang sama, pengasuh informal menghadapi beban fisik, emosional, sosial, dan ekonomi akibat tanggung jawab pengasuhan.. Perawat memainkan peran penting dalam manajemen gejala dan dalam mendukung pengasuh di sepanjang perjalanan perawatan kanker. Tujuan Scoping review ini untuk memetakan bukti yang ada mengenai dukungan keperawatan untuk manajemen gejala pada pasien kanker dan menjelaskan bagaimana intervensi tersebut memengaruhi beban pengasuh. Desain penelitian ini yaitu scoping review. dilakukan menggunakan kerangka kerja Arksey dan O’Malley. Studi diidentifikasi dari basis data utama dan disintesis menggunakan analisis tematik. Pencarian artikel menggunakan empat basis data yaitu EBSCO, science direct, Scopus dan mesin pencari Google Scholar. Hasil: Lima tema utama muncul: (1) asesmen gejala yang dipimpin perawat dan intervensi klinis; (2) dukungan psikososial dan emosional; (3) edukasi pasien dan pengasuh untuk manajemen diri; (4) intervensi keperawatan khusus pengasuh; dan (5) dukungan keperawatan berbasis digital dan telehealth. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa intervensi keperawatan dapat secara efektif mengurangi keparahan gejala pada pasien kanker dan secara substansial meringankan beban pengasuh.
Kata Kunci: beban, kanker, dukungan, pengasuh, perawat
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37638/jsk.32.3.329-336
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